Kennedy Space Center

Axiom 3 at LC-39A at Kennedy Space Center. The Ax-4 crew will fly aboard a similar spacecraft.
Photo: Charles Boyer, Talk of Titusville

Axiom Space announced the crew for its planned Axiom 4 mission today. The company’s release stated that it is partnering with India, through the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Poland, with European Space Agency (ESA) support, and Hungary to send three national astronauts to the space station on Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4), the company’s next commercial human spaceflight mission to the orbiting laboratory.

Ax-4 Commander Peggy Whitson, Mission Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla of India, Mission Specialist Sławosz Uznański of ESA/Poland, and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu of Hungary will make up the crew for the flight, Axiom said.

“Ax-4 represents Axiom Space’s continued efforts to build opportunity for countries to research, innovate, test, and engage with people around the world while in low-Earth orbit,” said Michael Suffredini, CEO of Axiom Space.

Suffredini added that, “This mission broadens horizons for nations with ambitious goals of advancing scientific, technological, and economic pursuits. Our collaboration with ESA for a second time and the inclusion of Hungary and India underscores Axiom Space’s ability to cultivate global partners, expand the scope of exploration, and open up new avenues to grow a global space economy.”

Peggy Whitson

Dr. Peggy Whitson
Photo: NASA

Dr. Peggy Whitson (Rice University, 1986) is one of the most experienced astronauts in spaceflight history, having already completed four previous spaceflights. She has spent more than 675 days in space and has flown on the Space Shuttle, Soyuz, and Crew Dragon on previous flights.

Her 289-day flight was the longest single space flight by a woman until Christina Koch’s 328-day flight eclipsed her record. Dr. Whitson is also oldest woman spacewalker ever and holds the record for the most spacewalks by a woman. She has conducted ten EVAs during her career, totalling over sixty hours outside in the darkness of space.

Dr. Whitson is 64 years old, and hails from Beaconsfield, Iowa. Axiom 4 will be her fifth spaceflight.

“I look forward to commanding my second commercial human spaceflight mission with Axiom Space,” said Peggy Whitson, Ax-4 commander. “With a culturally diverse crew, we are not only advancing scientific knowledge but also fostering international collaboration. Our previous missions set the stage. Axiom Mission 1 was the first all-private mission to the space station, Axiom Mission 2 launched the first Saudi female to space, and Axiom Mission 3 included both the first Turkish astronaut and first ESA astronaut to fly on a commercial space mission. Now, with Ax-4, we ascend even higher, bringing even more nations to low-Earth orbit and expanding humanity’s reach among the stars.”

Shubhanshu Shukla

Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla.
(Photo: X/@IAF_MCC) 

Born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, on October 10, 1985, wing commander Shubhanshu Shukla is an alumnus of India’s National Defence Agency, a joint-forces training academy for the Indian military.

Shukla was commissioned on June 17, 2006 in the Indian Air Force. He is a Fighter Combat Leader and a Test Pilot with approximately 2000 hours of flying experience.

Shukla will be India’s second gaganyatri – the Indian term for astronaut –  in space. Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma was aboard the Indo-Soviet crewed mission in 1984, making him the first from his country to go space. This will be ISRO’s first crewmember to fly on an American flight destined for the International Space Station.

ISRO is also independently working on advanced development of crewed flight capability. ISRO’s Human Rated Launch Vehicle (or Gaganyaan) is an ongoing program developing the technology needed to launch crewed orbital spacecraft into low Earth orbit. Gaganyaan is ostensibly near its first of two uncrewed test flights, as the first flight’s latest projected launch is sometime this year. ISRO hopes to launch its first crew in 2025.

Gaganyaan capsule.
Photo: ISRO

Group Captain Prashanth Balakrishnan Nair, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, Group Captain Angad Pratap and Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla have been named for India’s first crewed flight of Gaganyaan, and undoubtedly, Shubhanshu Shukla’s training, flight experience and lessons learned from flying Crew Dragon on Axiom 4 will be of great aid to ISRO’s efforts to bring the Gaganyaan program to full fruition with a successful first mission.

Sławosz Uznański

Sławosz Uznański
Photo: ESA

Born in Łódź, Poland in 1984, Dr. Sławosz Uznański is a Polish engineer working at the European Space Agency (ESA) as a project astronaut since 2023. He was formerly at The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN.)

In 2011, Uznański received a doctor’s degree with distinction from the University of the Mediterranean Aix-Marseille II for thesis on radiation-tolerant designs for space applications.

He will be the second Pole to space, following Mirosław Hermaszewski in 1978. Hermaszewski flew on the Soviet Soyuz 30 spacecraft, and spent nearly eight days in Earth orbit.

Tibor Kapu

Tibor Kapu
Photo: BME

Tibor Kapu is a 32-year-old engineer who graduated from the Budapest University of Technology and Economics in his native Hungary.

He has worked in the pharmaceutical industry on batteries for hybrid cars and radiation protection for astronauts. For the last two years, he has worked on space radiation protection at Remred Space Technologies in the space industry. As a parachutist, he has 38 jumps under his harness.

Kapu will be the second Hungarian astronaut, and like Shubhanshu Shukla, he will be the first from his country to fly on an American spacecraft to ISS. Forty-four years ago, Bertalan Farkas became the first Hungarian astronaut. Farkas flew Soyuz 36 and docked for over 26 days at the Soviet Salyut-6 space station.

Astronauts In Training

The Axiom 4 crew have arrived in Houston, according to Axiom Space, and will now begin training for their flight, slated for NET October 2024. They will launch aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 / Crew Dragon from Florida. Peggy Whitson will lead the training.

Axiom 3 liftoff in January 2024. The Ax-4 crew will fly a similar spacecraft NET October 2024
Photo: Charles Boyer / Talk of Titusville
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Falcon 9 ascending
Falcon 9 and Northrup Grumman’s NG-21 Cygnus cargo capsule lifts off from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral on August 4. 2024
Photo: Charles Boyer / Talk of Titusville

Despite on a 10% GO forecast and storms closing in from a distance, Falcon 9 flies another perfect mission.

SpaceX successfully launched a Falcon 9 rocket carrying Northrup Grumman’s Cygnus CRS-2 NG-21 (S.S. Francis R. “Dick” Scobee) to orbit this morning from Cape Canaveral. Liftoff was at 11:02 AM EDT under variable skies that showed a strong chance of storms coming in shortly afterwards.

Roughly seven and a half minutes after liftoff, Booster B1080 made a meteoric descent before firing up three of its Merlin engines and settling down for a soft landing back at the Cape at Landing Zone 1. At that moment, a pair of sonic booms heralded the Space Coast of booster’s return from its tenth flight.

At 11:18 AM EDT, SpaceX announced a successful separation of Cygnus from Falcon 9, ending their mission portion having had yet another good day.

Via X.com

Cygnus will not travel to ISS, and is under Northrup Grumman and NASA’s control. It is expected to arrive around 03:10 AM EDT. NASA TV will begin coverage 01:30 AM EDT on its broadcast and streaming channels.

Launch Replay

NASA / SpaceX coverage

Next Launch

SpaceX will launch the Starlink 8-3 from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral NET Wednesday at 08:59 AM EDT

  • Date: NET August 3, 2024
  • Organization: SpaceX
  • Mission: Starlink 8-3
  • Rocket: Falcon 9
  • Launch Site: SLC-40, Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
  • Launch Window: 08:59 AM – 12:59 PM EDT
  • Payload: Another 23 Starlink V2 Mini satellites
Falcon 9 “punches the core” and creates a vapor cone from its shock wave as it approaches Max-Q.
Photo: Charles Boyer / Talk of Titusville
Falcon 9 Booster B1080.10 starts its landing burn with a puff of green smoke and the fire of three Merlin engines.
Photo: Charles Boyer / Talk of Titusville

Keep in mind that launch dates and times change often. Launch attempts can be scrubbed anytime due to weather, technical reasons, or range conditions.

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Falcon 9 late in first stage flight.
Photo: Charles Boyer / Talk of Titusville

Lather, Rinse, Repeat: SpaceX plans to launch another set of twenty-three Starlink satellites, this time from Pad LC-39A at Kennedy Space Center.

The launch window is similar to last week’s Starlink 10-9 launch — it opens at 12:19 AM EDT and extends until 05:02 AM EDT the same day. Should weather or technical reasons arise and cause a delay, the company has a similar launch window Saturday, August 3.

After it completes its portion of the mission, the booster will land offshore on ASDS ‘A Shortfall Of Gravitas’, which is stationed offshore downrange on the Atlantic Ocean near the Carolinas. Since this is not a Return To Launch Site mission, no sonic booms will be heard on the Space Coast.

The launch will be SpaceX’s 76th of 2024 and its 15th launch from LC-39A this year. Overall, it will be the 386th SpaceX launch of all time.

At A Glance

  • Mission: Starlink 10-6
  • Date: NET August 2, 2024
  • Launch Window: 12:19 AM – 05:02 AM EDT*
  • Weather: 95% Go during the primary launch window
  • Organization: SpaceX
  • Rocket: Falcon 9
  • Trajectory: Northeastward
  • Launch Site: LC-39A, Kennedy Space Center
  • Booster Landing: Offshore on ASDS A Shortfall of Gravitas
  • Payload: Communications satellite to geosynchronous orbit.
  • Destination: Low-Earth Orbit

    * consult SpaceX website for the specific target for T-0.

Payload

The payload for this mission is a familiar one: twenty-three Starlink satellites. Starlink provides low-latency, high-bandwidth Internet connectivity to its customers.

Starlink orbital rendering by FetchCFD

Weather

General Forecast

Generally speaking, the threat of the usual afternoon and evening storms have died away for the evening by midnight, and tonight is no exception.

Temperature~81° F / 26.9°C
Humidity~90%
PrecipitationNone, Probably
Cloud cover~1% estimated
Windspeed (at ground level)12-14 MPH / 5.5 m/s
Visibility~8.7 miles / 14.0 km

As shown below, the 45th’s forecast states, “Storms will meander the Space Coast area but will subside in advance of the launch windows each day leaving just lingering dissipating clouds. Additionally, during the launch windows there is a small chance for nocturnal storms to develop over the water near the coastline, especially on Saturday morning. Primary concerns for each day would be the Cumulus Cloud Rule.”

That in mind, the 45th is forecasting only a 5% Probability of Violations for weather conditions, meaning that they rate chances for acceptable conditions at 95%. They also have rated the probability of a problem at the booster landing area as “low.”

The official forecast from the 45th Weather Squadron:

45th Weather Squadron’s forecast on August 1, 2024
Retrieved 11am 08/01/2024

Trajectory

The trajectory for the Starlink 10-6 mission is a familiar path: northeastward, the customary direction for SpaceX’s Group 10 Starlink launches. The rocket right-to-left if you are on the Space Coast and facing in the direction of the Atlantic Ocean.

Landing

After completing its part of the mission, the first stage booster will land offshore on the Automated Spaceport Drone Ship ‘A Shortfall Of Gravitas.’

As such, there will be no sonic boom on the Space Coast.

Online Viewing

SpaceCoastLaunchCalendar.com will have a livestream of the launch if you’re not able to watch the launch in person: Livestream

SpaceX will have a livestream of the launch on their website: Starlink 10-6. This will also be available on the X platform. Coverage starts about five minutes before liftoff.

Spaceflight Now will have coverage of the launch starting about one hour before liftoff on Youtube: link

For official updates regarding launch timesSpaceX.com is the best source of information. Starlink launch times change from time to time, and the company generally updates their website within minutes of the decision to change the launch time. This is very handy if none of the streaming options on YouTube have started their broadcasts.

Remember that there is a delay between a launch stream and the actual countdown clock. That is simply because of physics: it takes time for the signal to travel from the launch site, through the Internet, and back down to your phone, resulting in a five to fifteen-second delay.

Next Space Flight an app for iOS and Android phones, has a real-time countdown clock that is accurate to a second, give or take. The app is free. Search the App Store or Google Play. They are also on the web: nextspaceflight.com.

Launch Viewing: In Person

This morning’s planned launch is from LC-39A of the Eastern Range (KSC and Cape Canaveral Space Force Station combined.) The northern parks in Titusville on Washington Avenue and FL-528/A1A in Cape Canaveral are the best spots to watch liftoff directly.

Indirect Views

There are several excellent viewing spots for LC-39A launches that offer indirect views — meaning you won’t see the rocket until it clears obstructions such as trees, buildings, even a storm berm in one case.

  • Jetty Park, Port Canaveral
    • Fee required, much be purchased in advance: Port Canaveral Store
    • It’s very possible to see a cruise ship coming or going.
    • The pier especially has great views
  • Cocoa Beach
    • Parking fees (probably). Pay with your smartphone on the parking app. There are signs everywhere telling you how.
    • Further away, but still good views.
  • Southern Titusville Parks
    • Further away, but really nice views.

Restaurants With Good Launch Views

Given that the launch window opens after midnight and closes before dawn, local restaurants will be closed before liftoff and will not re-open before the end of the window.

Booster: unknown

SpaceX states “This is the 12th flight for the first stage booster supporting this mission, which previously launched Crew-6, O3b mPOWER, USSF-124, and eight Starlink missions.”

That’s Booster B1078, which last flew forty days ago as part of the Starlink 10-2 mission.

Booster B1078
Flight NumberPayloadDate
1Crew-6March 2, 2023
2O3b mPOWER 3 & 4April 28, 2023
3Starlink 6-4June 4, 2023
4Starlink 6-8August 7, 2023
5Starlink 6-16September 16, 2023
6Starlink 6-31December 3, 2023
7USSF-124February 14, 2024
8Starlink 6-46March 25, 2024
9Starlink 6-53April 23, 2024
10Starlink 6-60May 28, 2024
11Starlink 10-2June 23, 2024
Booster B1078 as of 06/23/2024
Liftoff of a Falcon 9 as seen from Cocoa Beach.
Photo: Charles Boyer / Talk of Titusville

Countdown Timeline

There are key events in the countdown that you may hear called out in launch coverage.

Remember that once Propellant Loading (T-minus thirty-eight minutes) starts, Falcon 9 is committed to the launch attempt. Because of the nature of the cryogenic fuels used to power the rockets, any hold precludes a later launch attempt the same day. While it only rarely happens, there have been occasions where that has happened, and a launch scrub is called for the day’s attempt.

SpaceX provides the following countdown milestones on their mission information page:

Hours:Minutes:SecondsEvent
00:38:00SpaceX Launch Director verifies go for propellant load
00:35:00*RP-1 (rocket grade kerosene) loading begins
00:35:001st stage LOX (liquid oxygen) loading begins
00:16:002nd stage LOX loading begins
00:07:00Falcon 9 begins engine chill prior to launch
00:01:00Command flight computer to begin final prelaunch checks
00:01:00Propellant tank pressurization to flight pressure begins
00:00:45SpaceX Launch Director verifies go for launch
00:00:03Engine controller commands engine ignition sequence to start
00:00:00Falcon 9 liftoff
* after propellant loading begins, SpaceX is committed, and any holds until liftoff results in a scrub for the day. This is important if the weather is marginal.
Via SpaceX. SpaceX countdown timeline is presented for information purposes only and can be changed by the launch provider without notice.

Timeline of Falcon 9 Flight

SpaceX has published a timeline of expected events during the mission:

Hours:Minutes:SecondsEvent
00:00:00Liftoff
00:01:10Max-Q (Moment of peak mechanical stress on the rocket)
00:02:261st stage main engine cutoff (MECO)
00:02:301st and 2nd stages separate
00:02:362nd stage engine starts (SES-1)
00:02:57Fairing deployment
00:06:051st stage entry burn begins
00:06:281st stage entry burn ends
00:07:461st stage landing burn begins
00:08:141st stage landing
00:08:392nd stage engine cutoff (SECO-1)
00:54:402nd stage engine starts (SES-2)
00:54:422nd stage engine cutoff (SECO-2)
01:03:34Starlink satellites deploy
via: SpaceX. SpaceX flight timeline is presented for information purposes only and can be changed by the launch provider without notice.

All events up to the end of the 1st stage entry burn should be visible for launch spectators watching the launch in person, so long as clouds are not blocking the viewer’s line of sight.

Keep Up To Date With Space News

Keep up with launch news and other space events that affect the local area by subscribing to alerts when we publish a new article by entering your email at the link at the bottom of this page, or by visiting Space Talk here on the website. It’s free, and you can cancel at any time.

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The Mid-Course Tracking Station keeping a watching electronic eye on Falcon 9 as it tracks the launch Saturday morning.

SpaceX launched the Starlink 10-9 mission early Saturday morning from Pad LC-39A at Kennedy Space Center aboard a Falcon 9 rocket. Liftoff was at 01:45 AM EDT, and Booster B1069 completed its 17th flight by successfully landing on the Automated Spaceport Drone Ship ‘Just Read The Instructions’ roughly 8.25 minutes after lifting off and lofting the payload towards orbit. Tonight’s flight was the first after the Starlink 9-3 failure that saw the company pause launching for 15 days.

SpaceX announced a successful payload deployment at 02:49 AM EDT.

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The Core Stage on the move after being offloaded today at Kennedy Space Center
Photo: Charles Boyer / Talk of Titusville

After berthing in the Turn Basin by the Press Center yesterday, the Core Stage of Artemis II was offloaded today and moved into the VAB. The process began around 9 a.m. EDT and took nearly three hours until the 212-foot rocket traveled the relatively short distance—perhaps 1/2 kilometer—to the VAB.

After the Solid Rocket Boosters are assembled in the VAB, the Core Stage will then be mounted between the two. The ten segments for those SRBs are already at Kennedy Space Center, in storage in the Rotation, Processing, and Surge Facility, located just north of the VAB at Kennedy Space Center.

Daniel Jimenez, Operations Project Engineer (OPE) within the Vehicle Integration and Launch branch of the Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) Program said yesterday that the SRBs are “Essentially primed and ready to go. What’s left for the VAB is obviously get all the facility ready.”

Jiminez also mentioned that Mobile Launch Platform that will be used for Artemis II is currently out at Pad LC-39B, where it is being set up for the launch of Artemis II. “More importantly, we get the ground systems ready,” he said, “So, we’re finishing up all of the testing of the systems that we have for Artemis II. It’s a crewed mission. So there are some systems that have to be updated for the Mobile Launcher Platform. That’s out at the pad.”

Later this summer, the testing will be completed, the VAB prepared and configured and then in the fall, the assembly of Artemis II will begin in earnest.

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Pegasus Barge in the Turn Basin at Kennedy Space Center, July 23, 2024
Photo: Charles Boyer / Talk of Titusville

With the arrival of its Core Stage, much of Artemis II’s major components are starting to come together, and not long in the future, NASA engineers and technicians will start to assemble to rocket that will return humans to cislunar space — a place not visited by mankind since 1972.

According to NASA, Aremis II will be “The first crewed mission on NASA’s path to establishing a long-term presence at the Moon for science and exploration. The 10-day flight will test NASA’s foundational human deep space exploration capabilities, the SLS rocket, Orion spacecraft, for the first time with astronauts.”

Major components of Artemis II.
Graphic: NASA

Four astronauts will venture around the Moon on Artemis II. Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor J. Glover, Mission Specialist Christina Koch, and Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen are selected for the mission and have been training for it while Artemis II’s fabrication was completed.

NASA’s Artemis II crew members (left to right) CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, and NASA astronauts Christina Koch, Victor Glover, and Reid Wiseman pose for a photograph in the well deck of the USS San Diego during Underway Recovery Test 11 (URT-11), as NASA’s Exploration Ground System’s Landing and Recovery team and partners from the Department of Defense aboard the ship practice recovery procedures using the Crew Module Test Article off the coast of San Diego, California on Sunday, Feb. 25, 2024. URT-11 is the eleventh in a series of Artemis recovery tests, and the first time NASA and its partners put their Artemis II recovery procedures to the test with the astronauts.
Photo: NASA

While Artemis II will not feature a landing on the lunar surface, it will serve to not only further prove out Space Launch System, it will also be a chance to confirm all of the spacecraft’s systems operate as designed with crew aboard in the actual environment of deep space. The mission is currently slated to launch no earlier than September of 2025.

The Solid Rocket Boosters For Artemis II Are Also Onsite at KSC

The solid rocket boosters that will be used for Artemis II are in storage near the VAB. “We have all these other segments already vertical on the storage facility that you see outside the facility here,” said Daniel Jimenez, Operations Project Engineer (OPE) within the Vehicle Integration and Launch branch of the Exploration Ground Systems (EGS) Program.

“All of those segments are there. This is the first step to getting the booster [built.]” The facility Jiminez is referring to is the Rotation, Processing and Surge Facility, located just north of the VAB at Kennedy Space Center.

There are five segments to each solid rocket booster, and ten total for Artemis II. Receiving them into Kennedy Space Center’s facilities and preparing them for the assembly workflow is no small task. “You see that rail car right there outside of the building?” Jiminez asked this reporter. “Each of the segments comes in one of those rail cars. We bring it in, take the cover off. They will come with handling rings on them.”

Jiminez then showed me a huge pair of raised eyelets. “And you can see the ears there. That’s what we use to pick them up. We take the two cranes both at the same time, pick them up, break it over, [and] rotate it vertically. It goes onto a pallet, and then it goes in one of those buildings that you see outside.”

Solid Rocket Booster segments for Artemis II in storage awaiting assembly in the VAB at Kennedy Space Center.
Photo: Richard Gallagher, Florida Media Now

“So there’s two surge buildings where we actually store the ordinance installed walking motors,” Jiminez added. “And then what stays here is the aft assemblies.”

A Solid Rocket Booster aft assembly.
Photo: Richard Gallagher, Florida Media Now

Those aft assemblies are the tail end of each solid booster. They include the nozzles used to direct thrust from the solid rocket as it burns. “We have the skirts, which holds a TVC system. You have the nozzle. We put that on. And then the last segment [of the solid rocket motor.] So the aft part of that segment, the last one goes on top of that one. And that makes the aft assembly for the left and the right hand [boosters.]”

If it sounds complex, it is. Those assemblies must be assembled with great precision, which is no easy task when you consider just how big and heavy each segment is and how precisely the assembly must be assembled.

Artemis II’s two Solid Rocket Booster Aft parts in storage awaiting final processing prior to going to the VAB later this year.
Photo: Charles Boyer / Talk of Titusville

Jiminez pointed out that the solid rocket booster segments are, “Essentially primed and ready to go. What’s left for the VAB is obviously get all the facility ready.”

He added, “More importantly, we get the ground systems ready. So, we’re finishing up all of the testing of the systems that we have for Artemis II. It’s a crewed mission. So there are some systems that have to be updated for the Mobile Launcher Platform. That’s out at the pad.”

Currently, testing is ongoing and presumably nearing completing in the relatively near term for the Mobile Launcher Platform. Afterwards, it will be moved into the VAB, and once the MLP is ready, the first thing that will be assembled for Artemis II will be the Solid Rocket Boosters.

“As soon as we’re done with the testing there, towards the end of the summer, we’re gonna roll back the mobile launcher, get back into the VAB, configure everything in the position it needs to be so that it can take these bad boys in for stacking,” Jiminez said while gesturing towards one of the two SRB aft assemblies in the SPFS facility.

Assembly Ahead

The solid rocket boosters (top right) that will help launch Artemis 1 into space are assembled by NASA and Jacobs personnel at the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center. Ground operations workers (left, center) fit Space Launch Systems sections together.
Photo: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Afterwards, the Solid Rocket Boosters can be fully assembled, and then Core Stage will be placed in between the two completed SRBs, then the rest of the rocket — including the Orion capsule — can be placed atop that. Once that is done, a long testing phase will begin. “It’s gonna be a really busy summer,” Jiminez said. “[Then a] really busy fall. It’s gonna be a busy year because once you put it all together, then you have to go test it.”

Testing, Verifying and Fixing Any Issues

“The testing campaign is another big endeavor. Now, we have all the ground systems hooked up to the rocket. We’re going to go into then launch control center. That’s where we are using all the software that we develop to be able to do the testing and the launch that we get in there, we get with all the teams, test all the systems, make sure that we’re good configuration, and from there on up to launch.”

Artemis I undergoing Wet Dress Rehearsal, a critical test and milestone in a launch campaign. Similar testing will be required for Artemis II, once it is assembled.
Photo: Charles Boyer / Talk of Titusville

That will like an incredibly busy time, with hundreds of people dedicated to readying the ground-side systems like the Mobile Launch Platform, the launch pad systems, and then assembling a huge rocket larger and more powerful than the venerable Saturn V that was used in Project Apollo.

Once completed, the engineers and technicians involved with the project must verify the newly assembled rocket’s systems, conduct launch rehearsals and fix any issues that they encounter along the way.

All of that before a final review to confirm that every “i” is dotted and every “t” is crossed prior to Commander Reid Wiseman, Pilot Victor J. Glover, Mission Specialist Christina Koch, and Mission Specialist Jeremy Hansen climbing aboard the Orion capsule for their mission to the moon.

All considered, it is a vast understatement to say that business has picked up at Kennedy Space Center, and that the journey that will take four NASA astronauts to the moon has already begun.

The moon, as seen from Kennedy Space Center.
Photo: Charles Boyer, Talk of Titusville.

NOTE: Talk of Titusville would like to thank Daniel Jimenez for taking the time to explain not only his role in the Artemis II mission but also to explain what the current and next steps for the mission will be.

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via Wikimedia Commons

The global space economy showed strong growth in the public and private sectors in 2023 according to The Space Foundation in its annual Space Report.

“Our annual global space economy analysis highlights the increasing importance of the space industry across both public and private sectors,” said Heather Pringle, CEO of Space Foundation in a press release that the organization released on July 18th. “Established subsectors and emerging markets cover an expanding range of space applications in our daily lives and push the boundary of what’s possible on and off Earth.”

  • The global space economy grew 7.4% to $570 billion in 2023
  • Commercial revenues topped $445 billion, 78% of the space economy
  • Government space spending maintained double-digit growth for a third year

    — Space Foundation, Space Report

This news bodes well for the Space Coast’s economy, given its position of hosting the most active spaceport in the world. With multiple launch services companies active here in addition to NASA and commercial space leader SpaceX, a growing space economy globally will certainly be felt here at home in Florida.

Highlights of the Space Foundation Report

The following is an excerpt of the The Space Foundation’s press release:

Corporate earnings: Commercial revenues grew 5.4% in 2023 to $445B. These revenues made up 78% of the total space economy—the same ratio as in 2022. Some sectors of the commercial space grew rapidly:

  • The Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) sector was the largest earner, accounting for $209B in revenues—$11B more than 2022.
  • Smaller sectors in the industry saw more significant year-over-year growth. Ground stations and equipment grew 19%, while commercial satellite manufacturing and launch revenues doubled in the last two years.

Government spending: Government spending on civil and military space programs grew 11% in 2023 to $125B. For the third year in a row, government space budgets saw double digit percentage increases, driven by significant growth in military space budgets, which made up just under half of total government space spending. Some of the notable government spending increases include:

United States: In 2023, the US military space budget was estimated at $46B, 18% higher than in 2022 and approximately 80% of the total global spend on military space programs.

Japan: The Ministry of Defense had the second-largest growth in military spending, increasing their space budget to ¥128B ($81M)–a 32% year-over-year increase.

Poland: The country’s space budget has ballooned from $2.7M in 2017 to $59M in 2023, not including ESA and EUMETSAT contributions.

France: The government invested heavily in its national space program, growing its domestic civil space budget 40% to €1.5B ($1.63B). 

Taiwan: Increased its overall space budget by approximately 90%, Conn said.

Who Are The Space Foundation?

Founded in 1983, The Space Foundation is an American nonprofit organization whose mission is to advocate for all sectors of the global space industry through space awareness activities, educational programs, and major industry events. They host the annual Space Symposium in Colorado attended by all of the major industry players, and over time, the Space Symposium has been a wellspring for announcements and news about upcoming projects in and of itself.

The Space Foundation also hosts Yuri’s Night, the annual celebration of human spaceflight that honors Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, the first human to orbit the Earth. Celebrated at multiple locations annually, Yuri’s Night celebrations have been a regular part of the Space Coast social scene at their events at Kennedy Space Center Visitors Center.

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A Falcon 9 sitting on its launch pad in Jun 2024 at Space Launch Complex 40 in Cape Canaveral.
Photo: Charles Boyer / Talk of Titusville.

Will Robinson-Smith of Spaceflight Now reported yesterday that SpaceX has petitioned the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to permit the resumption of its Falcon 9 rocket flights, despite an ongoing investigation into a recent mission anomaly. The request comes just days after a liquid oxygen lead led to malfunction during the Starlink 9-3 mission led to the grounding of Falcon 9.

On Thursday, a Starlink mission launched from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California experienced a significant anomaly. SpaceX’s Falcon 9’s second stage developed a liquid oxygen leak, causing the upper stage to malfunction and deploy its 20-satellite payload into an orbit too low for the Starlink units. The incident caused the Starlink satellites to reenter the Earth’s atmosphere and subsequently incinerate. The malfunction triggered a comprehensive safety investigation by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requiring the temporary grounding of the rocket.

Starlink 9-3: an apparently abnormal amount of ice builds up on Falcon 9’s second stage.
Photo: SpaceX Livestream

As SpaceX’s aggressive 2024 launch schedule falls behind, SpaceX has formally requested that the FAA allow the continuation of uncrewed commercial Falcon 9 flights prior to the FAA completing their investigation. At this time it is not clear if that request is for Starlink only, or if the waiver would include commercial and national defense missions that the company has on its manifest.

The company argues that the anomaly experienced Thursday does not pose a threat to public safety. According to SpaceX, the issue was identified as a liquid oxygen leak that led to a buildup of ice on the upper stage, as observed during the launch. SpaceX has accrued a solid track record with the Falcon 9 booster, having experienced only a small handful of problems in over 350 flights.

FAA Reviewing The Request

In a statement, the FAA has confirmed that it is reviewing SpaceX’s request. “The FAA is reviewing the request and will be guided by data and safety at every step of the process,” the statement read.

SpaceX’s request, submitted on July 15, seeks a public safety determination from the FAA. This would allow SpaceX to proceed with Falcon 9 launches while the mishap investigation continues should the request be granted.

The FAA has reiterated its commitment to public safety during commercial space transportation operations.

“The FAA is responsible for and committed to protecting the public during commercial space transportation launch and reentry operations….the FAA will review the request, and if in agreement, authorize a return to flight operations while the mishap investigation remains open and provided the operator meets all relevant licensing requirements.”

— Federal Aviation Administration

It Appears The FAA May Approve The Request

While the FAA has stated that they are reviewing SpaceX’s request, they may have telegraphed their decision by issuing a pair of NOTAM warnings for an area around Cape Canaveral that indicates space launches are imminent: the first, TFR 4/3617, Friday from 01:33 AM EDT to 06:02 AM EDT, and the second, TFR 4/3624, from Saturday 01:11 AM EDT to 05:40 AM EDT the same day. Whether this is for one launch or two is not known, but many in space circles think it is for one launch from SLC-40 and the other from Pad LC-39A at KSC.

https://tfr.faa.gov/save_pages/detail_4_3617.html
https://tfr.faa.gov/save_pages/detail_4_3624.html

Pathways for SpaceX To Return To Flight

According to the FAA’s website, the FAA has two pathways to authorize a return to flight operations after a mishap. A return to flight operations of the vehicle-type involved in the mishap is ultimately based on public safety. The FAA must determine that any system, process, or procedure related to the mishap does not affect public safety or any other aspect of the operator’s license. This determination can be made in one of two ways.

  • FAA acceptance of final mishap investigation report: The operator-led mishap investigation final report must be completed, including the identification of any corrective actions. The FAA will review the report, and if accepted, the mishap investigation is closed. The corrective actions then must be implemented, and all relevant licensing requirements met before a return to flight operations. 
     
  • FAA public safety determination: The operator may request the FAA make a public safety determination based on information that the mishap did not involve safety-critical systems or otherwise jeopardize public safety. The FAA will review the request, and if in agreement, authorize a return to flight operations while the mishap investigation remains open and provided the operator meets all relevant licensing requirements.

SpaceX’s current situation falls under the second option, with the company arguing that the malfunction does not compromise safety-critical systems. The FAA’s decision on this matter will be crucial for SpaceX’s immediate future operations.

SpaceX is conducting their own investigation, and has detailed its preliminary findings in a statement on its website. The company noted that the liquid oxygen leak prevented the Merlin vacuum engine on the upper stage from completing its second burn. Although the stage managed to deploy the satellites, it did not successfully circularize its orbit, leaving the satellites in a low perigee orbit of 135 km, significantly below the expected altitude.

“At this level of drag, our maximum available thrust is unlikely to be enough to successfully raise the satellites,” SpaceX explained. “As such, the satellites will re-enter Earth’s atmosphere and fully demise. They do not pose a threat to other satellites in orbit or to public safety.”

If the FAA agrees with SpaceX’s assessment, the company could resume launching its Falcon 9 rockets. SpaceX has tentative plans for upcoming missions, including Starlink 10-4 and Starlink 10-9, from its Florida launchpads. These plans, however, hinge on the FAA’s approval.

In the wake of the anomaly, NASA has also weighed in on the situation. The space agency, which collaborates closely with SpaceX on various missions, issued a statement emphasizing its commitment to safety and transparency.

“Crew safety and mission assurance are top priorities for NASA. SpaceX has been forthcoming with information and is including NASA in the company’s ongoing anomaly investigation to understand the issue and path forward,” NASA stated on June 12. “NASA will provide updates on agency-related missions as necessary.”

As the investigation continues, the space community watches closely. SpaceX’s rapid advancement and ambitious schedule have always set it apart, but incidents like these underscore the inherent risks of spaceflight. The FAA’s forthcoming decision will not only impact SpaceX’s timeline but also influence broader industry standards for safety and operational resilience in the rapidly evolving domain of commercial space exploration.

While SpaceX remains optimistic about resuming launches, the final decision rests with the FAA.

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Note: this article was written by Mark Stone of Florida Media Now and initially appeared there. Charles Boyer of Talk of Titusville added the TFR/NOTAM information recently published by the FAA.

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